Plants are frequently exposed to unfavorable and adverse environmental conditions known as abiotic stressors. These factors can include salinity, drought, heat, cold, flooding, heavy metals, and UV radiation which pose serious threats to the sustainability of crop yields. Since abiotic stresses are major constraints for crop production, finding the approaches to enhance stress tolerance is crucial to increase crop production and increase food security. This book discusses approaches to enhance abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants on a global scale. Plants scientists and breeders will learn how to further mitigate plant responses and develop new crop varieties for the changing climate.

Plants have to manage a series of environmental stresses throughout their entire lifespan. Among these, abiotic stress is the most detrimental; one that is responsible for nearly 50% of crop yield reduction and appears to be a potential threat to global food security in coming decades. Plant growth and development reduces drastically due to adverse effects of abiotic stresses. It has been estimated that crop can exhibit only 30% of their genetic potentiality under abiotic stress condition. So, this is a fundamental need to understand the stress responses to facilitate breeders to develop stress resistant and stress tolerant cultivars along with good management practices to withstand abiotic stresses. Also, a holistic approach to understanding the molecular and biochemical interactions of plants is important to implement the knowledge of resistance mechanisms under abiotic stresses. Agronomic practices like selecting cultivars that is tolerant to wide range of climatic condition, planting date, irrigation scheduling, fertilizer management could be some of the effective short-term adaptive tools to fight against abiotic stresses. In addition, "system biology" and "omics approaches" in recent studies offer a long-term opportunity at the molecular level in dealing with abiotic stresses. The genetic approach, for example, selection and identification of major conditioning genes by linkage mapping and quantitative trait loci (QTL), production of mutant genes and transgenic introduction of novel genes, has imparted some tolerant characteristics in crop varieties from their wild ancestors. Recently research has revealed the interactions between micro-RNAs (miRNAs) and plant stress responses exposed to salinity, freezing stress and dehydration. Accordingly transgenic approaches to generate stress-tolerant plant are one of the most interesting researches to date. This book presents the recent development of agronomic and molecular approaches in conferring plant abiotic stress tolerance in an organized way. The present volume will be of great interest among research students and teaching community, and can also be used as reference material by professional researchers.

Arsenic is likely the most talked-about metalloid in the modern world because of its toxic effects on both animal and plants. Further, arsenic pollution is now producing negative impacts on food security, especially in many south Asian countries. Since plants are a major food source, their adaptation to As-rich environments is essential, as is being informed about recent findings on multifarious aspects of the mechanisms of arsenic toxicity and tolerance in plants. Although numerous research works and review articles have been published in journals, annual reviews and as book chapters, to date there has been no comprehensive book on this topic. This book contains 19 informative chapters on arsenic chemistry, plant uptake, toxicity and tolerance mechanisms, as well as approaches to mitigation. Readers will be introduced to the latest findings on plant responses to arsenic toxicity, various tolerance mechanisms, and remediation techniques. As such, the book offers a timely and valuable resource for a broad audience, including plant scientists, soil scientists, environmental scientists, agronomists, botanists and molecular biologists.

Plants are frequently exposed to unfavorable and adverse environmental conditions known as abiotic stressors. These factors can include salinity, drought, heat, cold, flooding, heavy metals, and UV radiation which pose serious threats to the sustainability of crop yields. Since abiotic stresses are major constraints for crop production, finding the approaches to enhance stress tolerance is crucial to increase crop production and increase food security. This book discusses approaches to enhance abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants on a global scale. Plants scientists and breeders will learn how to further mitigate plant responses and develop new crop varieties for the changing climate.

Cadmium Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants: Agronomic, Genetic, Molecular and Omic Approaches presents research and latest developments on mechanisms of cadmium tolerance covering both lab and field conditions. This book contains important insights and options for minimizing Cd accumulation in plants and mitigating Cd toxicity. Topics covered include using various omics approaches to understanding plant responses to Cd, novel technologies for developing Cd tolerance and integrated breeding approaches to mitigate Cd stress in crops. Cadmium Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants: Agronomic, Genetic, Molecular and Omic Approaches is a valuable resource for both researchers and students working on cadmium pollution and plant responses as well as related fields of environmental contamination and toxicology.

Advances in Rice Research for Abiotic Stress Tolerance provides an important guide to recognizing, assessing and addressing the broad range of environmental factors that can inhibit rice yield. As a staple food for nearly half of the world's population, and in light of projected population growth, improving and increasing rice yield is imperative. This book presents current research on abiotic stresses including extreme temperature variance, drought, hypoxia, salinity, heavy metal, nutrient deficiency and toxicity stresses. Going further, it identifies a variety of approaches to alleviate the damaging effects and improving the stress tolerance of rice. Advances in Rice Research for Abiotic Stress Tolerance provides an important reference for those ensuring optimal yields from this globally important food crop.

This book presents recent advances in global wheat crop research, including the effects of abiotic stresses like high and low temperatures, drought, hypoxia, salinity, heavy metals, nutrient deficiency, and toxicity on wheat production. It also highlights various approaches to alleviate the damaging effects of abiotic stress on wheat as well as advanced approaches to develop abiotic-stress-tolerant wheat crops. Wheat is probably one of the world's most important cereals; it is a staple food in more than 40 countries, and because of its adaptability is cultivated in almost every region. Global wheat production has more than doubled in the last 50 years due to higher yields. However, despite their high yield potential, modern wheat cultivars are often subject to crop loss due to the abiotic stresses. As such, plant breeders have long aimed to improve tolerance in order to maintain yield. Written by 85 experts, and offering the latest insights into wheat responses and tolerance to various abiotic stresses, it is a valuable tool for agronomists, plant breeders, plant physiologists and students in the field of plant science and agriculture. It is the first book to comprehensively cover past and current abiotic stress problems and tolerance mechanisms.

This book presents recent advances in global wheat crop research, including the effects of abiotic stresses like high and low temperatures, drought, hypoxia, salinity, heavy metals, nutrient deficiency, and toxicity on wheat production. It also highlights various approaches to alleviate the damaging effects of abiotic stress on wheat as well as advanced approaches to develop abiotic-stress-tolerant wheat crops. Wheat is probably one of the world's most important cereals; it is a staple food in more than 40 countries, and because of its adaptability is cultivated in almost every region. Global wheat production has more than doubled in the last 50 years due to higher yields. However, despite their high yield potential, modern wheat cultivars are often subject to crop loss due to the abiotic stresses. As such, plant breeders have long aimed to improve tolerance in order to maintain yield. Written by 85 experts, and offering the latest insights into wheat responses and tolerance to various abiotic stresses, it is a valuable tool for agronomists, plant breeders, plant physiologists and students in the field of plant science and agriculture. It is the first book to comprehensively cover past and current abiotic stress problems and tolerance mechanisms.

Halophytes are those plant species that can tolerate high salt concentrations. There are diversified species of halophytes suited for growth in various saline regions around the world, e.g. coastal saline soil, soils of mangrove forests, wetlands, marshlands, lands of arid and semiarid regions, and agricultural fields. These plants can be grown in soil and water containing high salt concentrations and unsuitable for conventional crops, and can be good sources of food, fuel, fodder, fiber, essential oils, and medicine. Moreover, halophytes can be exploited as significant and major plant species for the desalination and restoration of saline soils, as well as phytoremediation. This book highlights recent advances in exploring the unique features of halophytes and their potential uses in our changing environment.

Bangladesh is one of the moderate developing and most disaster prone country in the world. This country is already vulnerable to extreme climate events such as cyclones, storm surges and floods. During the last 30 years cyclone has taken a great place in Bangladesh and it has been hit with worst ever cyclone in its history. All these natural disaster pose a great threat to sustainable development of the country. Over last 30 years (1970-2007) different scales of cyclones have been affecting the country with loss of valuable lives and property. It was estimated that about five million people currently live in 'High Risk Areas' (HRAs) along the western, central and south-eastern coasts of Bangladesh. Of these, 4 million live in 'Very High Risk Areas'. Approximately 9 million people need more shelter places were needed in the three cyclone-prone zones by the year 2001 and 12.5 million by 2021 as a result. In the last 30 years, nearly 900,000 people died by cyclones and six out of nine depressions formed in the Bay of Bengal normally cross the belt of Bangladesh almost every year.

Recreational waters are those natural waters used not only for primary contact activities, such as swimming, windsurfing, and waterskiing, but also for secondary contact activities, such as boating and fishing. Recreational water quality criteria are used to assess the safety of water to be used for swimming and other water-sport activities. The primary concern is to protect human health by preventing water pollution from faecal material or from contamination by micro-organisms that could cause gastro-intestinal illness, ear, eye or skin infections. This study was conducted to learn about the quality status of the water at recreational spots in Chittagong City these are Foy's Lake, Chittagong Shisu Park, Karnafuly Shisu Park, Zia Smriti Complex, Zatishonga Park andf Vatiary Lake. Derived parameters are Conductivity, Turbidity, Color, Odor, PH, Dissolve Oxygen, Biological Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Sulfate and Nitrate of the collected water samples were compared with the standard value of the respective parameters. The study suggests that most of the collected samples satisfied the required level of the expected parameters used for recreational purposes.

Boro (winter rice), one of the most important rice crops, might suffer from critical low temperature at the different growth stages from germination to maturity.The critically low and high temperatures vary with the growth stages. The rice plant could normally grow between 20 C and 35 C and these critical temperatures vary with genotype, duration of critical temperature, diurnal changes and physiological status of the plant. Boro rice might suffer from low temperature at the reproductive stage of the crop. Even low temperature at the crop establishment and tiller development stage (vegetative phase) of the crop might affect the growth, development and ultimately the yield of the crop. The book thus was written on the basis of research findings which screened out genotypes with good phenotypic acceptability and good emergence index, genotypes having better tolerance to low or minimum temperature and discovered nature of tolerance of genotypes with respect to low or minimum temperature."

The general objective of this exploratory study is to explore the psycho-social impacts of eve teasing on young girls.The study was conducted within 12-18 years 6o girls from 5 schools of Sylhet city choosing purposive and random sampling.The study reveals that 86.67% of the young girls faced different sorts of teasing in their life.In most cases the teasers are the young men. The reasons for indulging in eve teasing are patriarchy, illiteracy, unemployment, faulty socialization, the modern fashion of dress up, western media and sky culture, weak laws & enforcement, misuse of technology.It was found that the experiences of eve teasing were very traumatic for the victims.The respondents shared that they feel uncomfortable, insecure, less dignified, inferior humiliated, angry, degraded, scared, traumatized when they have been teased.Respondents faced insecurity to go outside.Kidnapping, acid throwing, drop out from school, early marriage, suicide etc are the social impacts of it.So the issue of eve teasing should be addressed seriously and the present study could be helpful for shaping policy against this social evil like eve teasing.

This book addresses the opportunity to cultivate a non food bioenergy crop, Jatropha Curcas L. in Bangladesh. As a renewable resource and a sustainable substitute for fossil fuel, Jatropha curcas produces seeds containing inedible oil, which can supply fuel and meet the national energy demands of Bangladesh. The plant does not need arable lands and does not compete with food. This book also highlights the land use patterns and possible cultivation areas of Bangladesh. It is based on research of the cultivation technology, ecological and agronomical aspects, crop yield and harvesting. It also highlights the uses and socioeconomic benefits of the plant, production costs and briefly describes the procedure for the production of biodiesel and other useful byproducts. The comparison of biodiesel from Jatropha curcas with conventional fossil fuel is also discussed as well as its ability to sequester carbon from the environment.